Which types of physical damage can allow roots to enter a collection system?

Roots can penetrate a collection system primarily through any physical damage that creates openings in the pipe. Cracks, breaks, and fractures in pipes can compromise their integrity and provide an entry point for tree roots seeking moisture and nutrients found within the sewer system.

When a pipe is cracked, for example, it may not be a complete break, but even a small fissure can allow roots to infiltrate over time, especially as the roots grow and seek moisture sources. Similarly, broken or fractured pipes may have larger openings that create more accessible pathways for root intrusion.

The correct answer encompasses all forms of damage—cracked, broken, and fractured pipes—as all can lead to root intrusion. This highlights the importance of maintaining the physical integrity of piping systems to prevent root infiltration and subsequent blockages or system failures. Each type of damage contributes to the potential vulnerability of the system, making regular inspections and maintenance crucial in collection system management.